Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings

1960 - 2017 | Yearly | USD mn | World Bank

Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings data was reported at 1.409 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.280 USD bn for 2016. Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings data is updated yearly, averaging 153.318 USD mn from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.578 USD bn in 2014 and a record low of -16.903 USD mn in 1974. Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Niger – Table NE.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Gap-filled total;

View Niger's Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings from 1960 to 2017 in the chart:

Get this data

Niger Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings

What was Niger's Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings in 2017?

Last	Previous	Min	Max	Unit	Frequency	Range
1,409.05 2017	1,280.04 2016	-16.90 1974	1,577.92 2014	USD mn	yearly	1960 - 2017

Related Indicators for Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings

Related indicators	Last	Frequency	Range
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Domestic Savings (USD mn)	1,409.05 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: per Capita (XOF)	220,066.84 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: GNI per Capita (XOF)	215,243.16 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (USD mn)	1,214.86 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (XOF mn)	707,164.28 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure: Household (USD mn)	5,495.82 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: Household (XOF mn)	3,199,084.78 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure (USD mn)	6,710.68 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure (XOF mn)	3,906,249.07 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross National Expenditure (USD mn)	9,446.49 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross National Expenditure (XOF mn)	5,498,748.21 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Exports of Goods and Services (USD mn)	1,349.80 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Fixed Capital Formation (USD mn)	2,733.42 2017	yearly	1980 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Changes in Inventories (USD mn)	2.37 2017	yearly	1980 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Capital Formation (USD mn)	2,735.79 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Capital Formation (XOF mn)	1,592,486.23 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Imports of Goods and Services (USD mn)	2,676.56 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: External Balance of Goods and Services (USD mn)	-1,326.75 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: External Balance of Goods and Services (XOF mn)	-772,296.00 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Agriculture (USD mn)	3,219.66 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Agriculture (XOF mn)	1,874,147.42 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry: Manufacturing (USD mn)	463.67 2017	yearly	1968 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry: Manufacturing (XOF mn)	269,896.89 2017	yearly	1968 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry (USD mn)	1,287.94 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry (XOF mn)	749,701.14 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Education Expenditure (USD mn)	381.71 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Education Expenditure: % of GNI (%)	5.17 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Carbon Dioxide Damage (USD mn)	87.37 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Carbon Dioxide Damage: % of GNI (%)	1.18 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net Forest Depletion (USD mn)	850.42 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net Forest Depletion: % of GNI (%)	11.52 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Consumption of Fixed Capital (USD mn)	401.79 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Consumption of Fixed Capital: % of GNI (%)	5.44 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Mineral Depletion (USD mn)	22.14 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Mineral Depletion: % of GNI (%)	0.30 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Energy Depletion (USD mn)	67.22 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Energy Depletion: % of GNI (%)	0.91 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Particulate Emission Damage (USD mn)	176.99 2016	yearly	1990 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Particulate Emission Damage: % of GNI (%)	2.40 2016	yearly	1990 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Gross Savings: % of GNI (%)	18.52 2015	yearly	1974 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net National Savings (USD mn)	951.97 2015	yearly	1974 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net National Savings: % of GNI (%)	13.48 2015	yearly	1974 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Including Particulate Emission Damage (USD mn)	183.38 2015	yearly	1990 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Including Particulate Emission Damage: % of GNI (%)	2.60 2015	yearly	1990 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Excluding Particulate Emission Damage (USD mn)	357.53 2015	yearly	1980 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Excluding Particulate Emission Damage: % of GNI (%)	5.06 2015	yearly	1980 - 2015
Niger NE: GDP: Discrepancy (XOF mn)	12.91 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost (USD mn)	7,618.34 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost (XOF mn)	4,434,593.83 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD (USD mn)	8,119.73 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP (XOF mn)	4,726,452.21 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: per Capita (USD)	378.06 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Domestic Savings (XOF mn)	820,203.14 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method (USD mn)	7,723.60 2017	yearly	1962 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross National Income (USD mn)	7,941.75 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross National Income (XOF mn)	4,622,852.21 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method (USD)	360.00 2017	yearly	1962 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Savings (USD mn)	1,394.94 2016	yearly	1974 - 2016
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Savings (XOF mn)	827,211.43 2016	yearly	1974 - 2016
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Net Income from Abroad (USD mn)	-177.98 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Net Income from Abroad (XOF mn)	-103,600.00 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Net Taxes on Product (USD mn)	501.39 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Net Taxes on Product (XOF mn)	291,858.38 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Net Current Transfer from Abroad (USD mn)	423.13 2017	yearly	1971 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Net Current Transfer from Abroad (XOF mn)	246,300.00 2017	yearly	1971 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross National Expenditure: Deflator (2006=100)	138.36 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Private Sector (XOF mn)	1,101,817.09 2017	yearly	1980 - 2017
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Natural Resources Depletion: % of GNI (%)	12.73 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Adjusted Net National Income (USD mn)	6,041.62 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)	292.25 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: GDP: Deflator: Linked Series (2006=100)	137.05 2017	yearly	1990 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Market Price: Linked Series (XOF mn)	4,726,452.21 2017	yearly	1990 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Services (XOF mn)	1,841,859.50 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Services (USD mn)	3,164.19 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017

Niger Key Series

National Accounts	Last	Frequency	Range
Forecast: GDP PPP Per Capita (PPP Intl $)	1,974.010 2027	yearly	1980 - 2027
Forecast: Nominal GDP Per Capita (USD)	886.551 2027	yearly	1980 - 2027
Forecast: Real GDP Growth (%)	6.336 2027	yearly	1980 - 2027

Government and Public Finance	Last	Frequency	Range
Forecast: Government Expenditure (XOF bn)	2,921.423 2029	yearly	1995 - 2029
Forecast: Government Net Debt (XOF bn)	8,508.026 2029	yearly	1995 - 2029
Forecast: Government Revenue (XOF bn)	2,377.442 2029	yearly	1995 - 2029

Demographic and Labour Market	Last	Frequency	Range
Forecast: Population (Person mn)	32.458 2028	yearly	1980 - 2028
Forecast: Unemployment Rate (%)	0.000	yearly	-

Inflation	Last	Frequency	Range
Forecast: Consumer Price Index Growth (%)	2.000 2028	yearly	1980 - 2028

Balance of Payments	Last	Frequency	Range
Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn)	-1.444 2029	yearly	1980 - 2029

More Indicators for Niger

Indicators	Last	Frequency	Range
Niger NE: Logistics Performance Index: 1=Low To 5=High: Ability to Track and Tra... (NA)	2.35 2016	yearly	2007 - 2016
Niger NE: Arms Imports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) (TIV)	9,000,000.00 2015	yearly	1960 - 2015
Niger NE: Armed Forces Personnel: Total (Person)	10,700.00 2016	yearly	1985 - 2016
Niger NE: Armed Forces Personnel: % of Total Labour Force (%)	0.13 2016	yearly	1990 - 2016
Niger NE: Military Expenditure (XOF mn)	117,544.00 2017	yearly	1975 - 2017
Niger NE: Military Expenditure: % of GDP (%)	2.49 2017	yearly	1975 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (USD mn)	1,214.86 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (XOF mn)	707,164.28 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (%)	2.70 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (XOF mn)	543,138.01 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government (%)	14.96 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure: Household (USD mn)	5,495.82 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: Household (XOF mn)	3,199,084.78 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Final Consumption Expenditure: Household (XOF mn)	2,365,251.04 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: PPP: Household Final Consumption Expenditure (Intl $ mn)	13,815.12 2016	yearly	1990 - 2016
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure (USD mn)	6,710.68 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure (XOF mn)	3,906,249.07 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Final Consumption Expenditure (XOF mn)	2,908,389.05 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross National Expenditure (USD mn)	9,446.49 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross National Expenditure (XOF mn)	5,498,748.21 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross National Expenditure (XOF mn)	3,974,101.20 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross National Expenditure (%)	116.34 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Exports of Goods and Services (USD mn)	1,349.80 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Exports of Goods and Services (%)	7.09 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Exports of Goods and Services (XOF mn)	665,154.00 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Exports of Goods and Services (%)	16.62 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Fixed Capital Formation (USD mn)	2,733.42 2017	yearly	1980 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Gross Fixed Capital Formation (%)	3.97 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross Fixed Capital Formation (XOF mn)	1,069,038.14 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross Fixed Capital Formation (%)	33.66 2017	yearly	1980 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Changes in Inventories (USD mn)	2.37 2017	yearly	1980 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Changes in Inventories (XOF mn)	-3,326.00 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Capital Formation (USD mn)	2,735.79 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Capital Formation (XOF mn)	1,592,486.23 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Gross Capital Formation (%)	2.38 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross Capital Formation (XOF mn)	1,065,712.14 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross Capital Formation (%)	33.69 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Imports of Goods and Services (USD mn)	2,676.56 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Imports of Goods and Services (%)	2.12 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Imports of Goods and Services (XOF mn)	1,190,612.00 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Imports of Goods and Services (%)	32.96 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: External Balance of Goods and Services (USD mn)	-1,326.75 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: External Balance of Goods and Services (XOF mn)	-772,296.00 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: External Balance of Goods and Services (XOF mn)	-525,458.00 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: External Balance on Goods and Services (%)	-16.34 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Trade (%)	49.59 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Agriculture (USD mn)	3,219.66 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Agriculture (XOF mn)	1,874,147.42 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Agriculture (%)	5.65 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Agriculture (XOF mn)	1,498,108.49 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross Value Added: Agriculture (%)	39.65 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry: Manufacturing (USD mn)	463.67 2017	yearly	1968 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry: Manufacturing (XOF mn)	269,896.89 2017	yearly	1968 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Industry: Manufacturing (%)	5.89 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry: Manufacturing (XOF mn)	235,691.62 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross Value Added: Industry: Manufacturing (%)	5.71 2017	yearly	1968 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry (USD mn)	1,287.94 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry (XOF mn)	749,701.14 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Industry (%)	6.02 2017	yearly	2007 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost: Industry (XOF mn)	682,775.48 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross Value Added: Industry (%)	15.86 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Education Expenditure (USD mn)	381.71 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Education Expenditure: % of GNI (%)	5.17 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Carbon Dioxide Damage (USD mn)	87.37 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Carbon Dioxide Damage: % of GNI (%)	1.18 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net Forest Depletion (USD mn)	850.42 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net Forest Depletion: % of GNI (%)	11.52 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Consumption of Fixed Capital (USD mn)	401.79 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Consumption of Fixed Capital: % of GNI (%)	5.44 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Mineral Depletion (USD mn)	22.14 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Mineral Depletion: % of GNI (%)	0.30 2016	yearly	1970 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Energy Depletion (USD mn)	67.22 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Energy Depletion: % of GNI (%)	0.91 2016	yearly	1980 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Particulate Emission Damage (USD mn)	176.99 2016	yearly	1990 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Particulate Emission Damage: % of GNI (%)	2.40 2016	yearly	1990 - 2016
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Gross Savings: % of GNI (%)	18.52 2015	yearly	1974 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net National Savings (USD mn)	951.97 2015	yearly	1974 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Savings: Net National Savings: % of GNI (%)	13.48 2015	yearly	1974 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Including Particulate Emission Damage (USD mn)	183.38 2015	yearly	1990 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Including Particulate Emission Damage: % of GNI (%)	2.60 2015	yearly	1990 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Excluding Particulate Emission Damage (USD mn)	357.53 2015	yearly	1980 - 2015
Niger NE: Adjusted Net Savings: Excluding Particulate Emission Damage: % of GNI (%)	5.06 2015	yearly	1980 - 2015
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Exports as a Capacity to Import (XOF mn)	600,432.56 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator (%)	-0.11 2017	yearly	1961 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Discrepancy (XOF mn)	12.91 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Discrepancy (XOF mn)	2.00 2013	yearly	2006 - 2013
Niger NE: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost (USD mn)	7,618.34 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost (XOF mn)	4,434,593.83 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: Gross Value Added at Factor Cost (XOF mn)	3,243,859.92 2017	yearly	2006 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD (USD mn)	8,119.73 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP (XOF mn)	4,726,452.21 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth (%)	4.89 2017	yearly	1961 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real (XOF mn)	3,448,643.20 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: PPP (Intl $ mn)	21,834.16 2017	yearly	1990 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: USD: per Capita (USD)	378.06 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Growth:(GDP) Gross Domestic Productper Capita (%)	0.97 2017	yearly	1961 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Real: per Capita (XOF)	160,571.18 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: PPP:(GDP) Gross Domestic Productper Capita (Intl $)	1,016.61 2017	yearly	1990 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: Gross Domestic Savings (XOF mn)	820,203.14 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017
Niger NE: GDP: % of GDP: Gross Domestic Savings (%)	17.35 2017	yearly	1960 - 2017

Request a demo of CEIC

CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.

Request a demo